What is the best way to assist a victim who is struggling to stay above water?

Using a flotation device or reaching for the victim is the best approach in this scenario because it maximizes safety for both the rescuer and the person in distress. Flotation devices provide immediate buoyancy to the victim, which can help stabilize them and prevent further panic while also allowing the rescuer to maintain a safe distance from potential struggles or erratic movements that the victim may exhibit. Reaching with a pole, stick, or any object that extends the rescuer's reach can also keep the rescuer out of the water, reducing the risk of both individuals going under.

The other options involve either direct physical contact or verbal commands that may not be effective under stress. Swimming directly to the individual carries risks, as the distressed swimmer may inadvertently pull the rescuer underwater in their panic. Yelling for help can be useful, but it does not offer immediate assistance and depends on others being nearby to respond. Telling the victim to swim to safety assumes they have the capability to do so, which may not be the case if they are already struggling to stay afloat. The strategy that combines safety, effectiveness, and a higher likelihood of success is the use of flotation devices or reaching tools.